Value analysis of protection system for varieties of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

The value system of the protection system for varieties of Chinese materia medica (CMM) has the characteristics of times and development, which is adjusted with the growth of CMM industry. In the early stage of the system, improving the quality of CMM and promoting the allocation of CMM resources and implement the right to health are the main aims of the system. In the background that the aims have almost come to true, and the system has the potential to develop as a special protection system for intellectual property right of CMM, we may make “to protect the interests of related obligee and encourage the inheritance and innovation of CMM” and “to promote the variety development and improve the quality of the varieties, increase the social welfare of the public” as the new and main purposes, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the design of intellectual property protection mechanism of the protection system for varieties of CMM.

Resources allocation of hospital rehabilitation departments in China from 2009 to 2016 / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze the resources allocation and service provision of hospital rehabilitation departments in China from 2009 to 2016, for finding problems and providing references for improvement of hospital rehabilitation system in China. Methods Using the statistical yearbook of health and family planning in China from 2010 to 2017,descriptive analysis was made to describe the rehabilitation service and resources allocation of hospital rehabilitation departments in China in recent years. Results From the perspective of service volume, the quantity of rehabilitative services was increasing year by year, and the number of patients discharged from the hospital has increased rapidly among the total number of hospital discharged inpatients countrywide. By the end of 2016, this proportion was 1.26%. From the perspective of resources allocation, by the end of 2016, the proportion of the rehabilitation beds was just 2.62% of all hospital beds. Personnel staffing was poor by the end of 2016, as there were only 0.02 practicing rehabilitation doctors (assistants) per every 1 000 population. Conclusions It is imperative to strengthen the resources of hospital rehabilitation departments, increase the number of hospital beds and personnel,and improve the pay for these staff, to ensure their service capability. It is also an important guarantee to provide the people with healthcare that is all-dimensional and full lifecycle.

Allocation of medical and health information resources in China:An investigation based on RSR / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The unbalanced allocation and sharing of medical and health information resources have retrained the medical and health information construction in China. The current allocation of medical and health information re-sources was thus summarized in this paper by analyzing the CNKI. net-covered literature on medical and health in-formation, the number of undergraduates in colleges and universities, the number of employed medical and health information professionals in Eastern, Central and Western China, and in different provinces of China using the RSR, and suggestions were put forward for the development of medical and health cause in our country.

Development of Models for Regional Cardiac Surgery Centers

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop the models for regional cardiac surgery centers, which take regional characteristics into consideration, as a policy measure that could alleviate the concentration of cardiac surgery in the metropolitan area and enhance the accessibility for patients who reside in the regions. METHODS: To develop the models and set standards for the necessary personnel and facilities for the initial management plan, we held workshops, debates, and conference meetings with various experts. RESULTS: After partitioning the plan into two parts (the operational autonomy and the functional comprehensiveness), three models were developed: the ‘independent regional cardiac surgery center’ model, the ‘satellite cardiac surgery center within hospitals’ model, and the ‘extended cardiac surgery department within hospitals’ model. Proposals on personnel and facility management for each of the models were also presented. A regional cardiac surgery center model that could be applied to each treatment area was proposed, which was developed based on the anticipated demand for cardiac surgery. The independent model or the satellite model was proposed for Chungcheong, Jeolla, North Gyeongsang, and South Gyeongsang area, where more than 500 cardiac surgeries are performed annually. The extended model was proposed as most effective for the Gangwon and Jeju area, where more than 200 cardiac surgeries are performed annually. CONCLUSION: The operation of regional cardiac surgery centers with high caliber professionals and quality resources such as optimal equipment and facility size, should enhance regional healthcare accessibility and the quality of cardiac surgery in South Korea.

Desenvolvimento e validação de um índice de vulnerabilidade social aplicado a políticas públicas do SUS / Development and validation of a social vulnerability index applied to public policies of the Unified Health System (SUS)

O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a validação inicial de um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social - IVS-5, incluindo cinco determinantes sociais de risco à saúde, e exemplifica sua aplicação no financiamento da atenção básica pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no Rio Grande do Sul. Indicadores municipais de vulnerabilidade relativa à pobreza e dispersão populacional foram obtidos do Censo do IBGE-2010. A análise fatorial exploratória e a análise fatorial confirmatória sugerem que os cinco itens podem constituir uma escala de medida cuja confiabilidade é aceitável. O IVS-5 foi então gerado a partir do primeiro componente principal, medindo, em escores Z, desigualdades municipais na vulnerabilidade social relativa à pobreza e dispersão populacional no território. A validade externa do IVS-5 foi examinada em relação a desfechos de saúde, usando dados do Datasus 2007-2011, mostrando que a mortalidade infantil e as hospitalizações por condições sensíveis à atenção básica são maiores em municípios mais vulneráveis. Os resultados sugerem que o IVS-5 é medida válida de desigualdades na vulnerabilidade social entre municípios, aplicável a políticas de equidade social e em saúde.

The article outlines the development and initial validation of a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) including five social determinants of risk to health and demonstrates its application in the financing of primary care by the Unified Health System (SUS) in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Municipal indicators of vulnerability relating to poverty and population dispersion were obtained from the 2010 population census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis suggests that the five items can constitute a reliable and acceptable measurement scale. The SVI-5 was then generated based on the first main component, measuring municipal inequalities in social vulnerability relating to poverty and population in the territory in Z-scores. The external validity of SVI-5 was examined in relation to health outcomes using DATASUS 2007-2011 data, revealing that infant mortality and hospitalizations for conditions treatable by primary care are greater in more vulnerable municipalities The results suggest that the SVI-5 is a valid measure of inequalities in social vulnerability between municipalities, applicable to socially equitable policies in health.

Selection of patients by dentists in a situation where health resources are scarce / Selección de pacientes por dentistas en una situación en que los recursos de salud son escasos / Seleção de pacientes por dentistas em situação de escassos recursos sanitários

To identify which criteria influenced the selection of patients by dentists in a city of Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out by collecting data through a questionnaire, consisting of identification data and a case scenario, 308 respondents had to choose, by looking at photos of six supposed patients, the only one who should receive emergency dental treatment in a situation of scarce health resources. The absolute and percent frequencies were obtained for data analysis (descriptive statistical techniques). For the selection of the six patients, the most frequently chosen patient was the 50 year old white male (70.5 percent) followed by the female of African descent (12 percent). The dentist’s gender did not have a statistically significant effect on the choice of the patient (P=0.3366). Age was the most relevant criterion for the choice (46.4 percent) followed by the patient’s physiognomy (30.8 percent). There was no significant difference between age and choice of the patient (P=0.8133). However, there was a significant association between age and reason of choice (P=0.0258). Subjective criteria interfered in the choice: the first impression caused by different physical features.

Para identificar qué criterios influenciaron a los dentistas en la selección de pacientes en una ciudad del Nordeste de Brasil, se realizó un estudio transversal recolectando datos mediante un cuestionario, consistente en datos de identificación y un caso escenario. 308 Respondientes tuvieron que elegir, observando fotos de seis supuestos pacientes, el único que debería recibir tratamiento dental de emergencia en una situación de escasos recursos de atención de salud. Se obtuvo mediante el análisis de los datos las frecuencias absolutas y de porcentaje (técnicas estadísticas descriptivas). En la selección de los seis pacientes, el elegido más frecuentemente fue un hombre blanco de 50 años (70,5 por ciento) seguido de una mujer de descendencia africana (12 por ciento). El género del dentista no tuvo un efecto estadísticamente significativo en la elección del paciente (P=0,3366). La edad fue el criterio más relevante de elección (46,4 por ciento) seguido de la fisionomía del paciente (30,8 por ciento). No existió diferencia significativa entre la edad y la elección del paciente (P=0,8133). Sin embargo, existió una asociación significativa entre la edad y la razón de elección (P=0,0258). Criterios subjetivos interfirieron en la elección: la primera impresión causada por diferentes características físicas.

Para identificar qual critério influencia a seleção de pacientes por dentistas numa cidade do Nordeste do Brasil, um estudo de corte transversal foi realizado através de dados coletados por questionário, consistindo de dados de identificação e o cenário de um caso. 308 respondentes fizeram a escolha pela observação de fotos de seis supostos pacientes, e somente um deveria receber o tratamento odontológico de emergência havendo recursos de saúde. As frequências absolutas e percentuais foram obtidas para análise de dados (técnicas de estatística descritiva). Na seleção dos seis pacientes, o paciente mais comumente escolhido foi do sexo masculino, 50 anos de idade, de cor branca (70,5 por cento), seguido por mulher de ascendência africana (12 por cento). O sexo do dentista não teve efeito estatisticamente significativo sobre a escolha do paciente (P = 0,3366). A idade foi o critério mais relevante para a escolha (46,4 por cento), seguido da fisionomia do paciente (30,8 por cento). Não houve diferença significativa entre idade e escolha do paciente (P = 0,8133). No entanto, houve uma associação significativa entre a idade e a razão da escolha (P = 0,0258). Critérios subjetivos interferiram na escolha: a primeira impressão foi determinada pelas diferentes características físicas.

Reflection on the allocation and training of the health manpower at the township and village levels in our city / 中华医院管理杂志

On the basis of a survey of the health manpower in the city, the authors probe into the issues of the allocation and training of the health manpower at the township and village levels. They put forward the view that it is imperative to establish and amplify the mechanism for the management of township and village health personnel and to rationally allocate and effectively utilize human resources in the health sector; to perfect the system of on the job training and assessment of health personnel and improve the quality of the working staff; and to integrate the management and training of the health manpower with other health tasks and strive for overall planning, unified operation and coordination.